Dear Editor, Primary CENTRAL nervous SYSTEM lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare brain neoplasm with a very poor prognosis and limited treatment options (1). These malignant tumors include about 2% of all primary brain neoplasms (2). The treatment of choice in patients with PCNSL is SYSTEMic chemotherapy with high-dose methotrexate with or without whole-brain radiotherapy or intrathecal chemotherapy (3). Commonly, patients with PCNSL present with headache, seizure, vertigo, and mental/behavioral changes at the first visit (1). Focal neurological symptoms, cranial NERVE palsy, cranial NERVE symptoms, and neuropsychiatric symptoms are the other common presentations of PCNSL (1, 2). In this letter, we report a patient with large B-cell lymphoma, presenting with the manifestations of third NERVE palsy...

NERVE sheath myxoma has been described as a rare neural tumor arising from Schwann cells. It is observed most frequently in the CENTRAL area of the face, neck and upper extremities. In the past the term neurothekeoma was used as synonym for NERVE sheath myxoma but according to new reports, they are separate entities which can be confirmed by immunohistochemistry as in our case. Oral involvement of this tumor is extremely rare. Here, we present an unusual case of NERVE sheath myxoma in the mandible of a 22-year old female patient. This case appears to be the first myxomatous variant which is CENTRALly located in the mandible.

Introduction: Although CENTRAL nervous SYSTEM (CNS) has long been known as an immune privileged site, in common with all other tissues, it requires effective immune mechanisms to protect against infections. More recent data support that certain areas of healthy CNS are continuously monitored by resident microglia and blood-borne immune cells such as macrophage and T-cell to sustain CNS immune surveillance. Interruption of CNS surveillance by lymphocyte traffic inhibition results in injury and infection by viruses such as JC virus, herpes simplex virus, etc. CNS Immune SYSTEM has to be regulated in a unique way in order to prevent inflammation and autoimmune reactions against CNS derived antigens, which there is no tolerance for them.Conclusion: Here, we discuss the anatomical and cellular aspects of immune surveillance in the CNS. Moreover, we review a new model to explain how antigen-specific T-cell responses occur in the CNS.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Ophthalmological complications in transplanted patients are often due to underlying disorders or drug use and consists anterior segment and posterior segment complications that CENTRAL serous chorioretinopathy among the posterior complications is related to high dose steroid, stress or cyclosporine and usually has a good outcome. In this paper, we report a case with CSCR as an ophthalmologic complication of renal transplantation.CASE: A 36-year-old man hospitalized for treatment of rejection, suffered from severe visual loss in both eyes that after exam and fluorescin angiography CSCR (due to high dose steroid use for rejection) was diagnosed. With tapering of the drug and after about 3 months, visual acuity became normal.CONCLUSION: Visual acuity changes must be followed carefully in all transplanted patients but CSCR usually has a good prognosis and after tapering of dose steroid, improvementmay be seen.

Background and Objectives: It has been proposed that normal pregnancy increases the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and also could be a risk factor for polyneuropathy. We performed this study to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on peripheral nervous SYSTEM.Materials and Methods: During one year, 30 healthy pregnant women were examined initially at the first or second month of their gestation and then at their 3rd trimester. Sensory physical examination of limbs including touch, pain and deep sensations was performed and also presence of paresthesia was asked. Sensory and motor conduction studies with f wave study of Median, Ulnar, Sural and Tibial NERVEs were performed in all of them. Those with abnormality in first study were excluded from further investigation.Results: Non of our study group had any sensory complaint in their upper or lower limbs in the first and second visits. The only statistically significant finding was increased latencies of median NERVE SNAP when stimulation was performed in distance of 14 cm of recording electrode in right and left sides (P=0.008) (P=0.003) but these parameters also remained in normal range.Conclusion: Clinical and electrodiagnostic findings in our study showed that there was no increased incidence of CTS and polyneuropathy among pregnant women.